RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Os hábitos alimentares das crianças e adolescentes em Portugal estão desadequados, contribuindo para o excesso de peso e para o aparecimento de comorbilidades. A teoria ecológica do desenvolvimento refere que estes hábitos são influenciados por diversos fatores, como por exemplo, pela escola (microssistema) e políticas (exossistema). A “escola” constitui-se essencial para implementar políticas nutricionais e alimentares com vista à Promoção da Saúde. OBJETIVOS: Criar um modelo de Política Nutricional e Alimentar Escolar. METODOLOGIA: Pesquisa nas bases de dados Scopus, PubMed e Google Académico, de acordo com as recomendações Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, utilizando a expressão de pesquisa: (student OR school) AND (nutrition OR food) AND policy, com limite temporal 2010 a 2020 e selecionando os tipos de artigo: ensaios clínicos e revisões. RESULTADOS: O modelo de Política Nutricional e Alimentar Escolar que surgiu, pressupõe a coordenação por uma equipa multidisciplinar e está dividido em dois eixos: ambiente alimentar escolar (normativos legais e referenciais estratégicos relativos à alimentação escolar, para os refeitórios, bufetes e máquinas de venda automática de alimentos e bebidas; aproveitamento dos programas alimentares; marketing de alimentos e bebidas; regulação da oferta alimentar na escola em ocasiões especiais) e comunidade escolar (educação alimentar, articulação com serviços de saúde escolar; articulação com organizações governantes, entidades colaboradoras e/ou empresas de restauração colectiva). CONCLUSÕES: A existência de um modelo de Política Nutricional e Alimentar Escolar é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção nas escolas. Contudo, a eficácia das intervenções que têm por base este modelo de Política Nutricional e Alimentar Escolar ainda não foi determinada. Encontra-se em desenvolvimento uma estratégia piloto em dois Agrupamentos de Escolas do concelho de Matosinhos, que servirão de teste a este modelo.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The eating habits of children and adolescents in Portugal are inadequate, contributing to excess weight and the appearance of comorbidities. The ecological theory of development states that these habits are influenced by several factors, such as the school (microsystem) and policies (exosystem). The "school" is essential for implementing nutrition and food policies with a view to health promotion. OBJECTIVES: To create a School Nutrition and Food Policy model. METHODOLOGY: To create a School Nutrition and Food Policy model a research has been made in databases (Scopus, PubMed and Google Academic) according to the the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes recommendations, using a research term: (student OR school) AND (nutrition OR food) AND policy, with time limit from 2010 to 2020 and article template standards: clinical trials and analyzes. RESULTS: The School Nutrition and Food Policy model assumes a coordination by a multidisciplinary team, and it is divided into two axes: school food environment (legal regulations and strategic benchmarks relating to school meals, canteens, buffets and food and drink vending machines; use of food programs; marketing of food and drink; regulation of food on offer at school on special occasions) and school community (food education, liaison with school health services; liaison with governing organizations, collaborating entities and/or catering companies). CONCLUSIONS: The existence of a School Nutrition and Food Policy model is fundamental for the development of intervention strategies in schools. However, the effectiveness of the strategies based on the School Nutrition and Food Policy model has not yet been determined. It is in the development of a pilot strategy in two school groups of Matosinhos, which serve to test this model.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o perfil dos medicamentos cardiovasculares manipulados prescritos em neonatologia no Brasil. Fontes de dados: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa, incluindo estudos publicados nos últimos 20 anos. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram: intensive care neonatal, off-label use, pharmaceutical preparations, nos bancos de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed e Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SciELO). Os artigos de revisão e diretrizes foram excluídos. A qualidade da evidência foi analisada, e foram selecionados 10 artigos para integrar o estudo. Síntese dos dados: Todos os estudos possibilitaram a avaliação do perfil de prescrição na rotina da unidade. Os principais fármacos cardiovasculares, prescritos em formulação extemporânea, foram espironolactona, captopril, furosemida, hidroclorotiazida, propranolol, amiodarona, nifedipina, carvedilol, digoxina, enalapril, epinefrina e hidralazina. Os medicamentos foram obtidos mediante adaptações de formas farmacêuticas, por meio da transformação de cápsulas ou comprimidos em formulações líquidas, como solução, suspensão ou xarope, assim como também na forma de soluções preparadas com base nos insumos farmacêuticos ativos. A manipulação de medicamentos tornou possível o tratamento medicamentoso em neonatologia, uma vez que tais medicamentos não possuem registro da forma farmacêutica líquida oral no país, apesar de integrarem a lista de medicamentos essenciais em pediatria da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Conclusões: Foi possível analisar o perfil dos medicamentos cardiovasculares manipulados prescritos na neonatologia no Brasil. Os resultados evidenciaram a necessidade do desenvolvimento de medicamentos adequados à população neonatal e à padronização dos procedimentos operacionais do preparo de formulações extemporâneas na neonatologia, para aumentar a segurança dos medicamentos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the profile of the compounded cardiovascular medicines prescribed in neonatology in Brazil. Data source: An integrative bibliographic review was carried out, including studies published in the last 20 years. The used descriptors were: Intensive Care Neonatal, Off-Label Use, Pharmaceutical Preparations, in the databases Virtual Health Library (VHL), PubMed, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Review articles and guidelines were excluded. The quality of the evidence was analyzed, and 10 articles were selected to integrate the study. Data synthesis: The profile of routine prescrption in the neonatal unit was evaluated. The main cardiovascular medications prescribed as compounding formulation were: Spironolactone, Captopril, Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Propranolol, Amiodarone, Nifedipine, Carvedilol, Digoxin, Enalapril, Epinephrine, and Hydralazine. The drugs were obtained from adaptations of dosage forms, through the transformation of capsules or tablets into liquid formulations, as a solution, suspension, or syrup, as well as in the form of solutions prepared from active pharmaceutical ingredients. The compounding of medications made drug therapy possible in neonatology, considering that such medications do not have registration of the oral liquid dosage form in the country, despite being part of the List of Essential Medicines for Children of the Word Health Organization. Conclusions: It was possible to analyze the profile of compounded cardiovascular medicines prescribed in neonatology in Brazil. The results showed the need for the development of medications suitable for the neonatal population, and the standardization of operational procedures for preparing extemporaneous formulations in neonatology to increase drug safety.

Resumo A presença masculina na educação infantil, área ainda considerada feminina e centrada no cuidar e educar de crianças, tem sido problematizada pela produção científica. Este artigo analisa as diferenças de gênero na carreira docente, especificamente relativas às trajetórias e experiências de homens que atuam na função de direção escolar na educação infantil em município do interior de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com diretores e diretoras que atuavam em centros de educação infantil municipais e utilizados dados quantitativos fornecidos pela secretaria municipal de educação. Foram encontradas diferenças entre trajetórias de homens e mulheres, com eles chegando a cargos diretivos mais jovens e após menor tempo de manejo de sala de aula. As experiências também receberam influência do gênero, sendo que homens, mesmo em cargos diretivos, são levados a adotar uma postura mais distante no cotidiano escolar, seja das crianças, famílias ou mesmo dos(das) profissionais.

Abstract The male presence in early childhood education, an area still considered feminine and centered on caring for and educating children, has been problematized by scientific production. This article analyzes gender differences in the teaching career, specifically concerning the trajectories and experiences of men who work as school principals in early childhood education in a city in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with directors who worked in municipal early childhood education centers, and quantitative data provided by the municipal education department were used. Differences were found between the trajectories of men and women, with them reaching managerial positions younger and after less time managing the classroom. The experiences were also influenced by gender, and men, even in managerial positions, are led to adopt a more distant posture in the school routine, whether to children, families, or even professionals.

Abstract The University Pharmacy Program (FU), from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), was created based on the need to offer a curricular internship to students of the Undergraduate Course at the Faculty of Pharmacy. Currently, it is responsible for the care of about 200 patients/day, offering vacancies for curricular internships for students in the Pharmacy course, it has become a reference in the manipulation of many drugs neglected by the pharmaceutical industry and provides access to medicines for low-income users playing an important social function. Research is one of the pillars of FU-UFRJ and several master and doctoral students use the FU research laboratory in the development of dissertations and theses. As of 2002, the Pharmaceutical Care extension projects started to guarantee a rational and safe pharmacotherapy for the medicine users. From its beginning in 1982 until the current quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic, FU-UFRJ has been adapting to the new reality and continued to provide patient care services, maintaining its teaching, research, and extension activities. The FU plays a relevant social role in guaranteeing the low-income population access to special and neglected medicines, and to pharmaceutical and education services in health promotion.

Abstract Hydrogels are used for wound treatment, as they may contain one or more active components and protect the wound bed. Papain is one of the active substances that have been used with this purpose, alongside urea. In this paper, carboxypolymethylene hydrogels containing papain (2% and 10% concentrations) and urea (5% concentration) were produced. Physical-chemical stability was performed at 0, 7, 15 and 30 days at 2-8ºC, 25ºC and 40ºC, as well as the rheological aspects and proteolytic activity of papain by gel electrophoresis. Clinical efficacy of the formulations in patients with lower limb ulcers was also evaluated in a prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind and comparative clinical trial. The results showed 7-day stability for the formulations under 25ºC, in addition to approximately 100% and 15% of protein activity for 10% and 2% papain hydrogel, respectively. The rheological profile was non-Newtonian for the 10% papain hydrogel tested. There were no significant differences regarding the mean time for healing of the lesions, although 10% papain presented a better approach to be used in all types of tissue present in the wound bed.

Abstract The objective of this paper was to develop and evaluate two semi-solid pharmaceutical forms containing 0.1% tacrolimus: cream (CRT01) and gel (GLT01). For the evaluation of physicochemical stability, at times 0, 30, 60 and 90 days, at 23°C and at 40°C, High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) was employed. This method was developed and validated for tacrolimus quantification. The occlusivity test and skin permeation assay were also performed, using an animal model (Wistar rats), and the CRT01 and GLT01 were compared to the 0.1% tacrolimus ointment (PFU01) obtained from the University Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CRT01 and GLT01 presented a homogeneous aspect and consistency adequate for topical products, along with sensory characteristics above PFU01. They also presented adequate physicochemical stability for 90 days and a lower occlusive effect than PFU01 (p<0.05). CRT01 showed greater affinity for the skin when compared to PFU01 and GLT01, with low systemic absorption. The CRT01 semi-solid formulation was considered the most adequate one to treat patients with atopic dermatitis or other dermatologic inflammatory diseases, promoting rational use of tacrolimus.

Abstract Objective We compared thyroid volume (TV) and presence of nodular goiter (NG) in pregnant vs. non-pregnant women in an iodine-sufficient area. We also evaluated the relationship between gestational age, parity, and TV in the pregnant women group, and determined the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of normal TV in pregnancy. Methods This cross-sectional study included 299 healthy women (216 pregnant) without previous thyroid diseases. Thyroid ultrasounds were performed and compared between pregnant and non-pregnant women. The range of normal distribution of TV (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles) in pregnancy was determined after excluding individuals with positive thyroid antibodies, NG, and/or abnormal serum thyrotropin (TSH) or free thyroxine (FT4). Results Thyroid volume was larger among pregnant compared to non-pregnant women (8.6 vs 6.1 cm3; p< 0.001) and was positively correlated with gestational age (rs = 0.221; p= 0.001), body mass index (BMI, rs 0.165; p= 0.002), and FT4 levels (rs 0.118 p= 0.021). Nodular goiter frequency did not differ between the two groups. There was a negative correlation between TV and TSH (rs -0.13; p= 0.014). Thyroid volume was lower among primiparous compared to multiparous patients (7.8 vs 8.9; p< 0.001) and was positively correlated with parity (rs 0.161; p= 0.016). The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of TV were 4.23 and 16.47 cm3, respectively. Conclusion Thyroid volume was higher in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women and was positively related to parity, BMI, and gestational age in a normal iodine status population. Pregnancy did not interfere with the development of NG.

Resumo Objetivo Comparamos o volume tireoidiano (VT) e a presença de bócio nodular (BN) em mulheres grávidas e não grávidas em uma área suficiente em iodo. Também avaliamos a relação entre idade gestacional, paridade e VT no grupo de gestantes e determinamos os percentis 2,5 e 97,5 de VT normal na gestação. Métodos Este estudo transversal incluiu 299 mulheres saudáveis (216 grávidas) sem doenças tireoidianas prévias. Ultrassonografias de tireoide foram realizadas e comparadas entre mulheres grávidas e não grávidas. A faixa de distribuição normal de VT (percentis 2,5 e 97,5) na gestação foi determinada após a exclusão de indivíduos com anticorpos tireoidianos positivos, BN e/ou tireotropina sérica (TSH) ou tiroxina livre (T4L) anormais. Resultados O VT foi maior entre as gestantes em comparação com as mulheres não grávidas (8,6 vs 6,1 cm3; p< 0,001) e foi positivamente correlacionado com a idade gestacional (rs = 0,221; p= 0,001), índice de massa corporal (IMC, rs 0,165; p= 0,002) e níveis de T4L (rs 0,118 p= 0,021). A frequência de BN não diferiu entre os dois grupos. Houve correlação negativa entre VT e TSH (rs -0,13; p= 0,014). O VT foi menor entre as primíparas em comparação com as multíparas (7,8 vs 8,9; p< 0,001) e foi positivamente correlacionado com a paridade (rs 0,161; p= 0,016). Os percentis 2,5 e 97,5 de VT foram 4,23 e 16,47 cm3, respectivamente. Conclusão O VT foi maior em gestantes em comparação com mulheres não grávidas e foi positivamente relacionado à paridade, IMC e idade gestacional em uma população com status iódico normal. A gravidez não interferiu no desenvolvimento de BN.

Abstract The incorporation of antioxidants into sunscreens may provide additional skin photoprotection against the harmful photobiological effects of ultraviolet radiation. The present study evaluated the applicability of a screening approach to the assessment of the antioxidant and photoprotective properties of vitamin C, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10 and then determined the performance of the most effective antioxidant in a sunscreen formulation. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 2,2`-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, and the photoprotective potential was investigated by the yeast photoprotection assay. The antioxidant with the best effect was incorporated into sunscreen formulations which were evaluated for 120 days regarding their in vitro photoprotective parameters. Vitamin C showed high antioxidant capacity as well as a photoprotective potential against simulated solar irradiation applied for times longer than 1 h. Although the Sun Protection Factor, UVA/UVB ratio and critical wavelength did not differed significantly (p<0.05) between the formulation blank and the formulations containing 0.5% or 1% vitamin C, formulations with vitamin C kept their photostability for 6 months. Consequently, the proposed screening approach seems to be promising for the development of an antisolar photostable formulation containing vitamin C as an antioxidant.

Résumé L’article décrit et analyse une pratique d’alphabétisation authentique réalisée avec des élèves de 6ème dans une école urbaine portugaise, ayant comme but un engagement civique démocratiquement participatif. L’activité, résultant d’une décision prise par les étudiants, a consisté en l’écriture d’une lettre, adressée aux citoyens de l’Ukraine, suivant les procédures du cycle d’écriture, accompagnée d’un dessin. La lettre devrait être remise avec les premiers besoins donnés aux citoyens ukrainiens dans le contexte de la guerre, partagent un message positif. Le dessin fonctionnait comme un renforcement et visait à assurer la réception et la compréhension du message écrit. Les produits obtenus ont permis aux élèves de comprendre la pertinence de l’alphabétisation en tant que pratique transformatrice et, en même temps, de développer des compétences sociales et une participation démocratique.

Abstract The article describes and analyses an authentic literacy practice performed with 6th grading students in a Portuguese urban school, with a democratically participatory civic commitment purpose. The activity, resulting from a decision taken by the students, consisted in the writing of a letter, addressed to citizens of Ukraine, following the procedures of the writing cycle, accompanied by a drawing. The letter aimed to monitor the first-needs goods given to citizens of Ukraine in the context of war and share a positive message. The drawing functioned as a reinforcement and aimed to ensure the reception and understanding of the written message. The products achieved made it possible for students to understand the relevance of literacy as a transformative practice and, at the same time, to develop social skills and democratic participation.

Resumen El artículo describe y analiza una auténtica práctica de alfabetización realizada con estudiantes de 6º grado en una escuela urbana portuguesa, con un propósito de compromiso cívico democráticamente participativo. La actividad, fruto de una decisión tomada por los alumnos, consistió en la redacción de una carta, siguiendo los procedimientos del ciclo de escritura, acompañada de un dibujo. La actividad, resultante de una decisión tomada por los estudiantes, consistió en la redacción de una carta, dirigida a los ciudadanos de Ucrania, siguiendo los procedimientos del ciclo de escritura, acompañada de un dibujo. La carta tenía como objetivo monitorear los bienes de primera necesidad entregados a los ciudadanos de Ucrania en el contexto de la guerra y compartir un mensaje positivo. El dibujo funcionó como un refuerzo y tenía como objetivo garantizar la recepción y comprensión del mensaje escrito. Los productos obtenidos permitieron a los estudiantes comprender la relevancia de la alfabetización como una práctica transformadora y, al mismo tiempo, desarrollar habilidades sociales y participación democrática.

Resumo O artigo descreve e analisa uma prática de literacia autêntica realizada com estudantes do 6.º ano do Ensino Básico, numa escola urbana portuguesa, com um propósito de compromisso cívico democraticamente participativo. A atividade, decorrente de uma decisão tomada pelos estudantes, consistiu na redação de uma carta, endereçada a cidadãos da Ucrânia, seguindo os procedimentos do ciclo de escrita, acompanhada de um desenho. A carta teve como objetivo acompanhar os bens de primeira necessidade doados a cidadãos da Ucrânia, em contexto de guerra, e partilhar uma mensagem positiva. O desenho funcionou como reforço e visou assegurar a receção e compreensão da mensagem escrita. Os produtos alcançados possibilitaram, aos estudantes, perceber a relevância da literacia enquanto prática transformadora e, simultaneamente, desenvolver competências sociais e de participação democrática.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association of red cell blood counts, and liver panel tests to predict outcomes in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors who underwent systemic antineoplastic treatments. Methods: Patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in systemic treatment were assessed according to laboratory tests within the same period. Progression free survival was determined by the period between the beginning of treatment and the date of progression. We used conditional models (PWP model) to verify the association between laboratory tests and tumor progression. The level of significance used was 5%. Results: A total of 30 treatments given to 17 patients in the intention-to-treat population were evaluated. Treatment included octreotide, lanreotide, everolimus, lutetium, and chemotherapy. We had statistically significant results in chromogranin A, neutrophils and platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio. The risk of progression increases by 2% with the addition of 100ng/mL of chromogranin A (p=0.034), 4% with the increase of 100 neutrophil units (p=0.006), and 21% with the addition of 10 units in platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio (p=0.002). Conclusion: Chromogranin A, neutrophils and platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio were associated with disease progression during systemic treatment in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are necessary to validate our findings.

Abstract UVB-irradiation increases the risk of various skin disorders, therefore leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. In this sense, antioxidant-rich herbs such as Rosmarinus officinalis may be useful in minimizing the damage promoted by reactive oxygen species. In this work, we report the efficacy of a R. officinalis hydroethanolic extract (ROe)-loaded emulgel in preventing UVB-related skin damage. Total phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and the main phytocomponents in the extract were identified by UHPLC-HRMS. Moreover, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) value of ROe was also assessed, and we investigated the in vivo protective effect of an emulgel containing ROe against UVB-induced damage in an animal model. The ROe exhibited commercially viable SPF activity (7.56 ± 0.16) and remarkable polyphenolic content (24.15 ± 0.11 mg (Eq.GA)/g). HPLC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS results showcased that the main compounds in ROe were: rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid and carnosol. The evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of ROe against several radicals and the capacity to reduce iron. Therefore, we demonstrated that topical application of the formulation containing ROe inhibited edema formation, myeloperoxidase activity, GSH depletion and maintained ferric reducing (FRAP) and ABTS scavenging abilities of the skin after UVB exposure.

Resumen Marco contextual: La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad autoinmune, crónica, progresiva y potencialmente incapacitante. Las actividades de autocuidado alivian los síntomas y las complicaciones de la enfermedad, reducen el tiempo de recuperación y la tasa de hospitalización. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación de la autonomía funcional con la calidad de vida (CDV) en personas con AR. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, analítico-correlacional y transversal, desarrollado en la región norte de Portugal, con una muestra de 139 personas con AR (79,86% mujeres). Se usó un instrumento de recogida de datos, donde consta: caracterización sociodemográfica; escala Health Assessment Questionnaire (evaluación de la autonomía funcional) y Cuestionarios EQ-5D (evaluación de la CDV). Resultados: El valor medio de incapacidad fue de 1,029 (incapacidad moderada), el 48,9% de la muestra presentó incapacidad leve, el 43,2% moderada y el 7,9% elevada. El 90,6% de los participantes puntuaron la CVD como razonable y el 9,4% como mala. Las personas con mayor incapacidad, por lo tanto, menor autonomía funcional, presentan menor CDV. Conclusión: La autonomía funcional impacta la CDV e influye en ella de forma positiva. Las intervenciones de enfermería deben ajustarse a las necesidades de la persona con AR para promover su autonomía.

Resumo Enquadramento: A artrite reumatóide (AR) é uma doença autoimune, crónica, progressiva e potencialmente incapacitante. As atividades de autocuidado aliviam os sintomas e complicações das doenças, reduzem o tempo de recuperação e a taxa de hospitalização. Objetivos: Avaliar a relação da autonomia funcional com a qualidade de vida (QDV) em pessoas com AR. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, analítico-correlacional e transversal, desenvolvido na região norte de Portugal, com amostra de 139 pessoas com AR (79,86% mulheres). Instrumento de colheita de dados, onde consta: caracterização sociodemográfica; escala Health Assessment Questionnaire (avaliação da autonomia funcional) e Questionário EQ-5D (avaliação da QDV). Resultados: O valor médio de incapacidade foi de 1,029 (incapacidade moderada), apresentando 48,9% da amostra incapacidade leve, 43,2% moderada e 7,9% elevada. Pontuaram com razoável QDV 90,6% dos participantes e 9,4% com fraca. As pessoas com maior incapacidade, logo menor autonomia funcional, apresentam menor QDV. Conclusão: A autonomia funcional impacta a QDV, influenciando-a positivamente. As intervenções de enfermagem carecem de ser ajustadas às necessidades da pessoa com AR na promoção da autonomia.

Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, and potentially disabling autoimmune disease. Self-care activities relieve symptoms and complications of diseases and reduce recovery time and hospital admission rates. Objective: To assess the association between functional autonomy and quality of life (QOL) in people with RA. Methodology: Descriptive, analytical-correlational, and cross-sectional study, developed in the northern region of Portugal, with a sample of 139 people with RA (79.86% women). The data collection instrument included a sociodemographic characterization, the Health Assessment Questionnaire (assessment of functional autonomy), and the EQ-5D Questionnaire (assessment of QOL). Results: The mean value of disability was 1.029 (moderate disability), with 48.9% of the sample showing mild disability, 43.2% moderate disability, and 7.9% severe disability. 90.6% of participants had a reasonable QOL, and 9.4% had a poor QOL. People with greater disability and consequently less functional autonomy have lower QOL. Conclusion: Functional autonomy impacts QOL, influencing it positively. Nursing interventions need to be adjusted to the needs of patients with RA to promote their autonomy.

RESUMO Este artigo analisa diferenças entre mulheres e homens na ocupação da carreira docente, área considerada feminina, mas cuja carreira demonstra diferenças de gênero. Noções como a divisão sexual do trabalho de Helena Hirata e Danièle Kergoat (2007) e a existência do glass escalator de Christine Williams (1992, 2013, 2015) em carreiras feminizadas levam ao questionamento sobre quais diferenciações estão presentes na área da educação. A partir de dados quantitativos e entrevistas realizadas com diretoras e diretores, analisamos as diferenças de gênero na ascensão na carreira docente. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam a presença de vantagens para homens na carreira, sejam no que se refere à primeira experiência vivenciada na gestão escolar - idade mais jovem e menor tempo de manejo de sala de aula -, sejam relacionadas aos tipos de incentivo recebidos e à forma de provimento do primeiro cargo na gestão escolar. O provimento por concurso público possibilita uma aparente igualdade entre mulheres e homens no que se refere à idade de ingresso nos cargos de especialistas, embora não garanta uma igualdade na distribuição de mulheres e homens entre os diversos cargos. Os homens estão percentualmente mais presentes em cargos relacionados mais especificamente à face administrativa da gestão - vice-direção, direção e supervisão - do que naqueles dedicados mais diretamente à face pedagógica - orientação e coordenação pedagógica -, o que evidencia uma relação entre gênero e escolha na ascensão na carreira docente.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes differences between women and men in the occupation of the teaching career, an area considered feminine but which career demonstrates gender differences. Notions such as the sexual division of labor of Helena Hirata and Danièle Kergoat (2007) and the existence of the glass escalator of Christine Williams (1992, 2013, 2015) in feminized careers lead to the question of what differentiations are present in the education area. Based on quantitative data and interviews with female and male principals, we analyze gender differences in the rise of the teaching career. The research results reveal the presence of advantages for men in their career, regarding the first experience in school management - younger age and shorter time of classroom management -, related to the types of incentives received and the form of provision of the first post in school management. The provision by public contest enables apparent equality between women and men concerning the age of entry into specialist positions, although it does not guarantee equality in the distribution of women and men among the various positions. Men are more present in positions related more specifically on the administrative side of management - vice direction, direction, and supervision - than those devoted more directly to the pedagogical side - pedagogical guidance and coordination -, which evidences a relationship between gender and choice in the rise in the teaching career.

RESUMO: A dermatite atópica canina (DAC) é uma doença inflamatória crônica e pruriginosa recorrente e geneticamente predisposta, que se destaca como o segundo transtorno cutâneo alérgico mais frequente e ocupa o segundo lugar entre todas as causas de prurido em cães. Diante da ausência de dados da ocorrência de DAC na região Norte do Brasil, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento de dados para definir a prevalência de dermatite atópica canina atendida no Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Veterinário Mário Dias Teixeira da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (HOVET-UFRA). Foi realizado um levantamento retrospectivo através dos registros clínicos e dos resultados de exames dermatológicos com base nos atendimentos dermatológicos no setor de Dermatologia do HOVET-UFRA Belém/Pará, de outubro de 2018 a outubro de 2019 para determinar a prevalência de DAC. Nesse período, foram atendidos 456 cães e destes, 25,65% (117) foram diagnosticados com dermatite atópica. Dentre os animais diagnosticados, 62,4% (73) eram fêmeas e 51,7% (29) eram da raça Shih-tzu. Neste estudo houve uma alta prevalência de cães com Dermatite atópica. Ainda não existem dados exatos sobre a incidência e a prevalência desta dermatopatia, com ocorrência descrita variando de 3 a 15% da população canina, podendo ter relação geográfica. Embora a predisposição sexual não tenha sido comprovada, descreve-se maior incidência de atopia em fêmeas, concordando com esta pesquisa. Os cães mais acometidos neste estudo foram da raça Shih-tzu. Suspeita-se que a popularidade regional de algumas raças ou os diferentes antecedentes genéticos em diferentes áreas geográficas afetam a predominância de algumas raças. Estes resultados mostraram que a prevalência de DAC em cães é a mais frequentemente diagnosticada no setor de Dermatologia do HOVET-UFRA, sendo mais prevalente em fêmeas e na raça Shih-tzu, podendo refletir um aspecto regional desta dermatopatia. Os resultados do presente estudo contribuíram para demonstrar a importância de mais pesquisas sobre a prevalência da Dermatite atópica canina e melhor caracterizar a população de cães atópicos na região, para que seja possível obter um perfil epidemiológico confiável.

ABSTRACT: Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a pruritic, chronic inflammatory disease, recurrent and genetically predisposed, which is the second most frequent allergic skin disorder, and ranks second among all the causes of pruritus in dogs worldwide. Given the absence of data on the occurrence of CAD in the northern region of Brazil, the aim of the current study was to conduct a survey to define the prevalence of canine atopic dermatitis attended at the Dermatology Department of the Mário Dias Teixeira Veterinary Hospital of the “Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia” (HOVET-UFRA). To determine the prevalence of CAD, a retrospective survey was carried out of clinical records and results of dermatological examinations conducted at the Dermatology Department of HOVET-UFRA Belém, Pará from October 2018 to October 2019. During this period, 456 dogs were examined, of which 25.65% (117) were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Among the animals diagnosed, 62.4% (73) were females and 51.7% (29) were of the Shih-tzu breed. This level of atopic dermatitis is considered high. There are still no exact data on the incidence and prevalence of this dermatopathy, with described occurrence ranging from 3 to 15% of the canine population, a geographical relationship may be present. Although a sex-related predisposition has not been proven, a higher incidence of atopy in females is described, which indicated this may be the case. The most commonly diagnosed dogs in this study were the Shih-tzu breed. It is suspected that the regional popularity of some breeds, or the different genetic backgrounds in different geographical areas, may affect the predominance of CAD in some breeds. The results of the present study demonstrate the need for more research on the prevalence of canine atopic dermatitis, and better means of characterizing the population of atopic dogs in the region, so that it is possible to obtain a reliable epidemiological profile.

ABSTRACT Hypovitaminosis D is now considered a pandemic, especially among more vulnerable populations and in HIV-infected subjects, with 80% presenting levels below 30 ng/mL. As there is no consensus on the more adequate dosage needed to correct such deficiency, the objective of this study was to evaluate 25 (OH) vitamin D supplementation in HIV-1 patients deficient of vitamin D. A total of 73 HIV-1-infected patients were included, drawn from a cohort of 435 patients; 37 patients were randomized to the active group, supplemented once a week with 50,000 UI vitamin D by mouth (group 1) and 36 to the placebo group (group 2). The study period ranged from June 2016 to September 2017. Variables involved in vitamin D metabolism and risk factors associated with hypovitaminosis were evaluated. The mean age was 45 years and 31.5 % were women. Vitamin D supplementation was effective in normalizing serum levels after six months in group 1 (mean 35 ng/mL compared to 21 ng/mL for the placebo group; p= 0.04). No patient reached blood levels considered toxic (>100 UI). Efavirenz use can negatively influence vitamin D levels and supplementation is necessary as a likely adjunct to improving CD4+ T cells, resulting in greater effectiveness of the treatment. A weekly oral dose of 50,000 IU of vitamin D was sufficient to normalize the vitamin deficiency, safely and with good adherence among persons living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil.